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the great man himself

  • 1 caput

        caput itis, n    [CAP-], the head: Capillus circum caput Reiectus, T.: caput obnubito, L.: capitis nives, H.: capite operto: aperire: velare, L.: abscindere cervicibus: capite demisso: attollere, O.: extollere, to become bold: breve (equi), H.: coronatum (bovis), Tb.: per caput pedesque ire, heels over head, Ct.: dux cum exercitu supra caput est, i. e. is ready to fall upon us, S.: capita conferre, to lay heads together, i. e. to confer in secret, L.: caput aut collum petere, strike at the vital parts: haec alias inter caput extulit urbes, towers, i. e. excels, V.: aliena negotia Per caput saliunt, run through the head, i. e. the mind, H.: capitis labor, mental exertion, H. — Meton., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity: iocur sine capite (of a sacrifice), L.: in extis, O.: tignorum, Cs.: cornu duxit, donec curvata coirent capita, the ends, V. — The origin, source, spring, head (of a river), L.: caput unde erumpit Enipeus, V.: celsis caput urbibus exit, my source springs among great cities, V.—The mouth, embouchure (rare): multis capitibus in Oceanum influit, Cs.—Of plants: diducere terram ad capita, the roots, V.: papavera demisere caput, the heads, V.: capitum iugatio, branches (of the vine). — Of mountains, the summit: capita aspera montis, V. — Of persons, a head, person: ridiculum caput! T.: carum, V.: duo haec capita taeterrima: ignota, L.: di capiti ipsius reservent, for himself, V.: capiti cane talia Dardanio rebusque tuis, i. e. for Aeneas and yourself, V.: Perfidum, H.: de sacrando cum bonis capite alcuius, L.: ut caput Iovi sacraretur, L.—With numerals: capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII, souls, Cs.: nullum caput Proserpina fugit, H.: in capita, to each person, L.; cf. sus Triginta capitum fetūs enixa, V.—Fig., life, physical life: Capitis periculum adire, to risk life, T.: caput obiectare periclis, V.: capitis poena, capital punishment, Cs.: certamen capitis et famae: ut capite dimices tuo, L.: caput offerre pro patriā: patrium tibi crede caput (i. e. patris vitam), O.: accusatus capitis absolvitur, of a capital crime, N.: Sthenium capite damnare.—Civil life, personality, civil rights, liberty and citizenship: capitis causae, involving citizenship: iudicium capitis: capitis deminutio, loss of civil rights, Cs.—Poet.: capitis minor, H.—Of persons, a leader, chief, guide: concitandorum Graecorum: capita nominis Latini, heads, chiefs, L.: ut se Suevorum caput credant, chief tribe, Ta.: capita coniurationis securi percussi, L.: illic est huic rei caput, author, contriver, T.: ab illo fonte et capite Socrate: corpori valido caput deerat, leader, L.: ipsum Expugnare caput, the great man himself, H. —A head, chief, capital: Thebae totius Graeciae, first city, N.: Roma, orbis terrarum, L.: castellum eius regionis, principal place, L.: Romam caput Latio esse, L.: ius nigrum, cenae caput, principal dish: fundus, vestrae pecuniae, chief source of income: caput esse artis, decere, the note, characteristic: ad consilium de re p. dandum caput est nosse rem p., first qualification: caput litterarum cum alquo, reason for corresponding: Epicuri, chief dogma: caput belli et summa, V.—In writings, a division, paragraph, chapter: legis: caput Annianum de hereditatibus, passage in the will of A.— Of money, the principal sum, capital, stock: quibus ille de capite dempsisset, reduced their debts: de capite deducite alqd, L.: Quinas hic capiti mercedes exsecet, extort sixty per centum, H.
    * * *
    head; person; life; leader; top; source/mouth (river); capital (punishment); heading; chapter, principal division

    Latin-English dictionary > caput

  • 2 ipse

    ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

    eapse = ea ipsa,

    id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

    eampse,

    Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

    eāpse,

    id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    With substt. or pronn.
    1.
    Expressing eminence or distinction:

    ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

    ille ipse Marcellus,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

    natura ipsa,

    id. Brut. 29, 112:

    dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

    id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

    ipsa res publica,

    id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

    neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

    id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

    ipse Moeris,

    Verg. E. 8, 96:

    rex ipse Aeneas,

    id. A. 1, 575:

    ipse aries,

    id. E. 3, 95:

    ductores ipsi,

    id. A. 1, 189:

    si in ipsa arce habitarem,

    Liv. 2, 7, 10;

    esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

    Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

    Pater ipse,

    Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

    Venus ipsa,

    Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

    ipse pater Pluton,

    Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

    audentes deus ipse juvat,

    Ov. M. 10, 586.—
    2.
    For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

    adest optime ipse frater,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

    in orationibus hisce ipsis,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

    ea ipsa hora,

    id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

    nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

    Verg. E. 10, 63:

    tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

    lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

    ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    ipse ille divinationis auctor,

    id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

    cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

    id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

    eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

    the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

    estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

    cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

    Liv. 5, 33, 3:

    jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

    even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

    tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

    Liv. 1, 5, 5:

    duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

    id. 2, 42, 5:

    Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

    id. 2, 38, 1:

    eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

    Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

    nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

    id. de Sen. 22, 80:

    ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

    Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

    ipsum dicere ineptum,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

    quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

    the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

    ipsum, quod habuisti,

    Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

    et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

    Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—
    B.
    Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

    atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

    quaeram ex ipsā,

    Cic. Cael. 14:

    tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

    Liv. 1, 5, 5:

    agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

    id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

    laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

    id. 28, 4, 1:

    a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

    ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

    ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

    id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

    nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —
    C.
    To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.
    1.
    Ipse alone:

    litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

    i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

    Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

    id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

    tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

    he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

    neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

    Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

    Sall. J. 11, 1:

    hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

    Verg. A. 2, 394.—
    2.
    With conjunctions.
    (α).
    With etiam (class.):

    ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

    his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

    id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —
    (β).
    With quoque:

    quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

    Liv. 3, 21, 4:

    consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

    id. 8, 12, 9:

    cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

    Flor. 3, 21, 7.—
    (γ).
    With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

    Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

    Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

    deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

    id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

    Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

    Liv. 4, 31, 5:

    credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

    id. 21, 21, 3:

    Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

    id. 21, 17, 7:

    qui et ipse crus fregerat,

    Suet. Aug. 43:

    Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

    Eutr. 8, 7:

    virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

    Quint. 9, 4, 43. —
    (δ).
    With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

    primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

    Liv. 23, 18, 4:

    nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

    id. 37, 20, 8:

    neque ipsi,

    id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

    sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

    id. 34, 32, 9.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

    ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

    ipsum praesto video,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

    ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

    suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

    Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

    Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

    i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

    nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 27:

    cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

    the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

    anseris ante ipsum jecur,

    before the host, id. 5, 114.—
    B.
    Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

    videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

    de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

    valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

    id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

    ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

    Verg. E. 4, 21:

    ipsi potum venient juvenci,

    id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

    aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

    id. G. 2, 10:

    fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

    Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—
    C.
    Himself exclusively.
    1.
    By or in one ' s self, alone:

    haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

    Verg. A. 6, 185:

    his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

    id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

    quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

    multa secum ipse volvens,

    Sall. C. 32, 1:

    aestimando ipse secum,

    Liv. 25, 23, 11.—
    2.
    In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

    ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—
    3.
    Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

    erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

    Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

    duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

    Sall. J. 52, 1:

    natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

    id. ib. 89, 5.—
    D.
    With advv. of time.
    1.
    Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

    nunc ipsum exurit,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

    nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

    nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

    id. ib. 12, 16. —
    2.
    Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

    id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

    ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

    id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

    et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

    id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—
    E.
    With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

    triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

    ipsas undecim esse legiones,

    id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

    nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

    id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

    ipso vigesimo anno,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —
    F.
    In reflexive uses,
    1.
    Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,
    a.
    With subject.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

    Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

    id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

    neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

    Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

    Nep. Dat. 5:

    ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

    Sall. J. 85; cf.:

    deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

    Liv. 24, 4, 9:

    deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

    Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—
    (β).
    With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

    cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

    si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

    qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

    id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

    quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

    id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

    nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

    id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—
    b.
    With object:

    neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

    omne animal se ipsum diligit,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

    fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

    id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

    Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

    Tac. H. 3, 51:

    Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—
    2.
    Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

    natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

    Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

    jubeant abire se,

    Just. 16, 4, 15:

    neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

    Nep. Paus. 4:

    in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

    Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—
    3.
    Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,
    a.
    Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

    cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

    quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

    id. Sest. 14, 32:

    quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

    id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

    qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

    nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—
    b.
    In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

    esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

    legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

    Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

    ipsis mortuis,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

    supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

    id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

    ipsius,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

    nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

    id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

    opp. id quod adversario prodest),

    id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—
    c.
    In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

    nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 46, 13:

    pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

    id. 4, 26, 6:

    inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

    Curt. 3, 5, 15:

    Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

    id. 3, 8, 7:

    dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

    id. 4, 2, 3:

    a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

    id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

    sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

    id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

    verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—
    4.
    Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

    only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

    Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

    id. 29, 2, 2:

    C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

    id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

    Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

    Sall. C. 18, 5:

    amisso et ipse Pacoro,

    Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

    adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

    Liv. 40, 23, 1:

    cogendo ipse,

    id. 39, 49, 3:

    agendo ipse,

    id. 41, 24, 2:

    aestimando ipse secum,

    id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.
    Ipse is very rarely strengthened by the suffix -met:

    ipsemet abiit,

    Plaut.
    Am. prol. 102:

    ipsimet nobis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

    ipsemet profugiam,

    Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

    ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

    Petr. 75, 11; and:

    ipsimi nostri,

    id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ipse

  • 3 ipsus

    ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

    eapse = ea ipsa,

    id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

    eampse,

    Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

    eāpse,

    id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    With substt. or pronn.
    1.
    Expressing eminence or distinction:

    ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

    ille ipse Marcellus,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

    natura ipsa,

    id. Brut. 29, 112:

    dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

    id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

    ipsa res publica,

    id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

    neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

    id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

    ipse Moeris,

    Verg. E. 8, 96:

    rex ipse Aeneas,

    id. A. 1, 575:

    ipse aries,

    id. E. 3, 95:

    ductores ipsi,

    id. A. 1, 189:

    si in ipsa arce habitarem,

    Liv. 2, 7, 10;

    esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

    Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

    Pater ipse,

    Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

    Venus ipsa,

    Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

    ipse pater Pluton,

    Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

    audentes deus ipse juvat,

    Ov. M. 10, 586.—
    2.
    For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

    adest optime ipse frater,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

    in orationibus hisce ipsis,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

    ea ipsa hora,

    id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

    nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

    Verg. E. 10, 63:

    tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

    lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

    ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    ipse ille divinationis auctor,

    id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

    cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

    id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

    eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

    the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

    estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

    cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

    Liv. 5, 33, 3:

    jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

    even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

    tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

    Liv. 1, 5, 5:

    duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

    id. 2, 42, 5:

    Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

    id. 2, 38, 1:

    eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

    Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

    nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

    id. de Sen. 22, 80:

    ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

    Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

    ipsum dicere ineptum,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

    quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

    the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

    ipsum, quod habuisti,

    Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

    et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

    Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—
    B.
    Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

    atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

    quaeram ex ipsā,

    Cic. Cael. 14:

    tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

    Liv. 1, 5, 5:

    agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

    id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

    laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

    id. 28, 4, 1:

    a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

    ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

    ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

    id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

    nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —
    C.
    To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.
    1.
    Ipse alone:

    litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

    i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

    Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

    id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

    tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

    he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

    neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

    Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

    Sall. J. 11, 1:

    hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

    Verg. A. 2, 394.—
    2.
    With conjunctions.
    (α).
    With etiam (class.):

    ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

    his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

    id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —
    (β).
    With quoque:

    quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

    Liv. 3, 21, 4:

    consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

    id. 8, 12, 9:

    cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

    Flor. 3, 21, 7.—
    (γ).
    With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

    Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

    Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

    deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

    id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

    Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

    Liv. 4, 31, 5:

    credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

    id. 21, 21, 3:

    Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

    id. 21, 17, 7:

    qui et ipse crus fregerat,

    Suet. Aug. 43:

    Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

    Eutr. 8, 7:

    virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

    Quint. 9, 4, 43. —
    (δ).
    With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

    primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

    Liv. 23, 18, 4:

    nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

    id. 37, 20, 8:

    neque ipsi,

    id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

    sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

    id. 34, 32, 9.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

    ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

    ipsum praesto video,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

    ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

    suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

    Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

    Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

    i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

    nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 27:

    cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

    the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

    anseris ante ipsum jecur,

    before the host, id. 5, 114.—
    B.
    Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

    videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

    de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

    valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

    id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

    ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

    Verg. E. 4, 21:

    ipsi potum venient juvenci,

    id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

    aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

    id. G. 2, 10:

    fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

    Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—
    C.
    Himself exclusively.
    1.
    By or in one ' s self, alone:

    haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

    Verg. A. 6, 185:

    his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

    id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

    quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

    multa secum ipse volvens,

    Sall. C. 32, 1:

    aestimando ipse secum,

    Liv. 25, 23, 11.—
    2.
    In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

    ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—
    3.
    Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

    erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

    Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

    duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

    Sall. J. 52, 1:

    natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

    id. ib. 89, 5.—
    D.
    With advv. of time.
    1.
    Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

    nunc ipsum exurit,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

    nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

    nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

    id. ib. 12, 16. —
    2.
    Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

    id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

    ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

    id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

    et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

    id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—
    E.
    With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

    triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

    ipsas undecim esse legiones,

    id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

    nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

    id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

    ipso vigesimo anno,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —
    F.
    In reflexive uses,
    1.
    Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,
    a.
    With subject.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

    Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

    id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

    neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

    Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

    Nep. Dat. 5:

    ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

    Sall. J. 85; cf.:

    deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

    Liv. 24, 4, 9:

    deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

    Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—
    (β).
    With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

    cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

    si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

    qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

    id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

    quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

    id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

    nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

    id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—
    b.
    With object:

    neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

    omne animal se ipsum diligit,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

    fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

    id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

    Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

    Tac. H. 3, 51:

    Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—
    2.
    Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

    natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

    Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

    jubeant abire se,

    Just. 16, 4, 15:

    neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

    Nep. Paus. 4:

    in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

    Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—
    3.
    Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,
    a.
    Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

    cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

    quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

    id. Sest. 14, 32:

    quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

    id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

    qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

    nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—
    b.
    In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

    esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

    legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

    Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

    ipsis mortuis,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

    supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

    id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

    ipsius,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

    nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

    id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

    opp. id quod adversario prodest),

    id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—
    c.
    In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

    nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 46, 13:

    pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

    id. 4, 26, 6:

    inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

    Curt. 3, 5, 15:

    Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

    id. 3, 8, 7:

    dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

    id. 4, 2, 3:

    a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

    id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

    sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

    id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

    verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—
    4.
    Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

    only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

    Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

    id. 29, 2, 2:

    C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

    id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

    Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

    Sall. C. 18, 5:

    amisso et ipse Pacoro,

    Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

    adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

    Liv. 40, 23, 1:

    cogendo ipse,

    id. 39, 49, 3:

    agendo ipse,

    id. 41, 24, 2:

    aestimando ipse secum,

    id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.
    Ipse is very rarely strengthened by the suffix -met:

    ipsemet abiit,

    Plaut.
    Am. prol. 102:

    ipsimet nobis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

    ipsemet profugiam,

    Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

    ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

    Petr. 75, 11; and:

    ipsimi nostri,

    id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ipsus

  • 4 ipse

        ipse    (old ipsus, T.), a, um, gen. ipsīus (rarely ipsius, V., disyl. T.), dat. ipsī, pron demonstr.    I. In gen., to express eminence or emphasis.    A. Self, in person (often rendered by an emphatic he, or by very, just, precisely): adest optume ipse frater, T.: ille ipse Marcellus: ipsa virtus: rex ipse Aeneas, V.: in ipsā arce habitare, L.: naturas quas Iuppiter ipse Addidit, V.: Audentīs deus ipse iuvat, O.: ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim: eaque ipsa causa belli fuit, the very cause, L.: cui tutor is fuerat ipse, L.: iam id ipsum absurdum: Tullius eos ipsos deduxit, L.: eorum ipsorum facta: quid iuvat quod... si ipsum, quod veni, nihil iuvat? the mere fact.—As subst: atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Caelius, Cs.: ex ipsā quaeram: agrum dare ipsi, qui accepisset, L.: ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt.—    B. To emphasize one of the subjects of a common predicate.—With et, he too, himself in person, even he: deseret eos, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortīs triginta?: credo ego vos, soeii, et ipsos cernere, L.—With neque (cf. ne... quidem): pauca, neque ea ipsa enucleate dicta: primis repulsis Maharbal missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit, L.—With etiam: ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit.—With quoque: quia plebs SC solvit, ipsi quoque solutum voltis, L.—He for his part, he too, also, as well: litterae adlatae sunt a Clodiā, quae ipsa transiit, also in person: trīs ipse excitavit recitatores, he too: Hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque iuventus Laeta facit, V.—    II. Esp.    A. As subst., of an eminent person: ipsus tristis, the master, T.: Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit, i. e. Pythagoras: lectica Mathonis plena ipso, the great man, Iu.: anseris ante ipsum iecur, before the host, Iu.—    B. Of oneself, spontaneously: de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt: Ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera, V.—    C. Excluding others, by oneself, alone, mere, very: haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat, V.: ipso terrore ordines perturbant, Cs.: qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit: aestimando ipse secum, L.: ipsam aequitatem et ius ipsum amare, for its own sake: nunc ipsum, just now: tum ipsum, just then.—    D. With numerals, just, exactly, precisely: triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.: ipsas undecim esse legiones: ipso vigesimo anno.—    E. In a reflexive clause.—With the subject emphat. opposed to other agents: non egeo medicinā, me ipse consolor: Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit, N.: ipsa se virtus satis ostendit, S.: ut non modo populo R., sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur: qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent.—With the object: omne animal se ipsum diligit: Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono.—In place of se or suus.—For emphatic distinction: cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos: quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur: pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos, L.—To avoid ambiguity in the use of se or suus: ne aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret, Cs.: legatos mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent, S.: nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re p. gravius, nihil de ipso modestius.—For se or sibi: inexperta remedia haud iniuriā ipsis esse suspecta, Cu.: rex propius ipsum considere amicos iubet, Cu.—With abl absol.: cum dies venit, causā ipse pro se dictā, damnatur (i. e. cum causam ipse pro se dixisset), L.: amisso et ipse Pacoro, Ta.—With abl. of gerund: deponendo tutelam ipse, in se unum virīs convertit, L.: agendo ipse, L.
    * * *
    ipsa, ipsum PRON
    himself/herself/itself; the very/real/actual one; in person; themselves (pl.)

    Latin-English dictionary > ipse

  • 5 moltus

    multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

    multi fortissimi viri,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

    rationes,

    id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

    beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

    multae et magnae contentiones,

    many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

    O multas et graves offensiones,

    id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

    multi et graves dolores,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

    multi et varii timores,

    Liv. 3, 16, 3:

    multae bonaeque artes animi,

    Sall. J. 28, 5:

    multa et clara facinora,

    Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

    multi improbi,

    Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

    multi boni, docti, prudentes,

    id. Fl. 4, 8:

    multi nobiles,

    id. Planc. 20, 50:

    multa acerba habuit ille annus,

    id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

    multa infanda,

    Liv. 28, 12, 5:

    multa falsa,

    id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

    multa secunda proelia,

    victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

    multa libera capita,

    freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

    multae liberae civitates,

    republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

    multos fortes viros,

    id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

    multi clari viri,

    noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

    multi primarii viri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

    multi clarissimi viri,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

    multi amplissimi viri,

    id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

    multi honestissimi homines,

    id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

    multi peritissimi homines,

    id. Caecin. 24, 69:

    multi summi homines,

    id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

    id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

    in veteribus patronis multis,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

    multa praeterea bella gravia,

    id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

    multis suppliciis justis,

    id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

    multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

    plurima signa pulcherrima,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

    virtutes animi multae et magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

    causas ille multas et graves habuit,

    id. Clu. 30, 82;

    and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

    id. Cael. 5, 12:

    prodigia multa, foeda,

    Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

    multi hominum,

    Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

    multae silvestrium arborum,

    id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

    nimium multa,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

    nimis multa,

    id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

    insulae non ita multae,

    not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

    parum multa scire,

    too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

    quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

    as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

    minime multi remiges,

    exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

    in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

    id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

    multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

    nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

    Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

    aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

    with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

    multa prece prosequi,

    id. C. 4, 5, 33:

    multa victima,

    Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

    avis,

    id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

    tabella,

    Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

    exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

    Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

    multo labore quaerere aliquid,

    with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

    cura,

    Sall. J. 7, 4:

    sol,

    much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

    multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

    Liv. 23, 30, 2:

    multum sanguinem haurire,

    Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

    multam harenam mare evomit,

    id. 4, 6, 8:

    arbor,

    id. 7, 4, 26:

    silva,

    id. 8, 10, 14:

    multae vestis injectu opprimi,

    Tac. A. 6, 50:

    multa et lauta supellex,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

    aurum,

    Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

    libertas,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

    multam salutem dicere alicui,

    to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

    cum auro et argento multo,

    Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

    Itaque multum diei processerat,

    a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

    ad multum diem,

    till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

    multo adhuc die,

    when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

    multo denique die,

    when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

    multa nocte,

    late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

    multo mane,

    very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

    multa opinio, for multorum,

    the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

    velut multa pace,

    as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

    multus homo,

    one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

    video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

    id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

    tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

    unus de multis esse,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

    potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    numerarer in multis,

    among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

    e multis una sit tibi,

    no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

    multum est,

    it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

    ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

    Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

    ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

    id. ib. 16, 47:

    quid multis moror?

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

    multa reluctari,

    Verg. G. 4, 301:

    gemens,

    id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

    deos testatus,

    id. ib. 7, 593:

    invehi,

    Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

    haud multa moratus,

    Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

    in multum velociores,

    by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Too much, overmuch, excessive:

    supellex modica, non multa,

    Nep. Att. 13, 5.—
    2.
    In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

    qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

    ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

    id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

    nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

    id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—
    3.
    Frequent, frequently present:

    in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

    Sall. J. 96, 3:

    multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

    was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

    hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

    troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

    instare,

    Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.
    A.
    multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

    salve multum, gnate mi,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

    multum vale,

    farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

    hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

    id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

    opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

    not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

    multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

    often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

    non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

    id. Brut. 34, 128:

    non multum confidere,

    not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    sunt in venationibus,

    often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

    in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

    multum fuisse cum aliquo,

    to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

    id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

    gratia valere,

    to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

    res multum et saepe quaesita,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

    longe omnes multumque superabit,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

    multum et diu cogitans,

    id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

    diu multumque scriptitare,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

    multum loquaces,

    very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

    mepti labores,

    very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

    multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

    much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

    multum robustior illo,

    Juv. 19, 197:

    majora,

    Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

    haud multum infra viam,

    Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

    haud multum post mortem ejus,

    Tac. A. 5, 3:

    ut multum,

    at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—
    B.
    multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).
    1.
    With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

    multo tanto carior,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

    pauciores oratores,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

    facilius atque expeditius iter,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

    virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

    multo ceteros anteibant,

    Tac. H. 4, 13:

    multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

    Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

    multo mavolo,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

    meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—
    2.
    With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

    quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

    simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

    maxima pars,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

    multo id bellum maximum fuit,

    Liv. 1, 11, 5:

    pars multo maxima,

    id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

    multo gratissima lux,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

    foedissimum,

    Quint. 9, 4, 72:

    optimum,

    id. ib. 26:

    pulcherrimum,

    id. 1, 2, 24:

    utilissima,

    id. 2, 10, 1:

    maxime,

    Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

    multo maxime miserabile,

    Sall. C. 36, 4:

    multo maxime ingenio validus,

    id. J. 6, 1.—
    3.
    With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

    multo aliter,

    Ter. And. prol. 4:

    multo aliter ac sperabat,

    far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

    quod non multo secus fieret, si,

    not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —
    4.
    In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

    non multo ante urbem captam,

    Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

    non multo ante,

    not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

    multo ante,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

    non multo post, quam, etc.,

    not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

    haud multo ante solis occasum,

    Liv. 5, 39, 2:

    multo ante noctem,

    id. 27, 42, 13.—
    5.
    Very rarely with the positive for multum:

    maligna multo,

    very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—
    6.
    Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

    multo multoque longior,

    far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

    multo multoque operosius est,

    Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.
    II.
    Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.
    A.
    In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

    so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

    ne plus minusve loqueretur,

    Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

    so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

    speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

    Mart. 8, 71, 4:

    aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

    too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

    tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

    vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

    and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

    verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

    Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

    apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

    id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

    valet enim salus plus quam libido,

    id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—
    (β).
    With a partitive gen.:

    vultis pecuniae plus habere,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

    nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

    id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

    plus virium,

    id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

    plus hostium,

    Liv. 2, 42:

    plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

    in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

    plus ingenii,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

    Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

    as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—
    (γ).
    With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

    non plus quam semel,

    Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

    confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

    ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

    id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

    non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

    into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

    plus quam decem dies abesse,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

    nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

    with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—
    (δ).
    Without quam:

    HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

    Liv. 24, 44:

    plus milies audivi,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

    plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

    ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

    non plus mille quingentos aeris,

    id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

    Liv. 31, 34:

    cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

    id. 40, 2:

    parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

    id. 29, 25.—
    (ε).
    With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

    VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

    more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

    ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

    alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

    in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

    id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

    annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

    or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

    plus aequo,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

    plus paulo,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

    paulo plus,

    Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

    plus nimio,

    overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

    uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

    one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—
    2.
    In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

    ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

    of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

    ager multo pluris est,

    is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

    quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

    id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

    pluris emere,

    dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

    vendere,

    id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

    aedificare,

    Col. 1, 4, 7:

    pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

    of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

    mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

    Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

    facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

    id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

    facere aliquem pluris,

    make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

    pluris habere,

    id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    aestimare,

    id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

    ducere,

    id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

    putare,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—
    3.
    Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—
    4.
    Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—
    * 5.
    Like magis, with an adj.:

    plus formosus, for formosior,

    Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—
    B.
    In the plur.
    1.
    Comparatively, more in number:

    omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

    ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

    multo plura,

    many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—
    2.
    In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

    1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

    id. B. C. 3, 52:

    summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

    pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

    id. 8, 4, 27:

    quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

    Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

    eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

    without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

    id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

    pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

    Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

    also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

    what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

    id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—
    b.
    Esp.: plures.
    (α).
    The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—
    (β).
    Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

    quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—
    (γ).
    The greater number, the majority:

    plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

    Vulg. Act. 19, 32.
    III.
    Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

    hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

    nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

    plurimae et maximae partes,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

    plurimorum seculorum memoria,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

    haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

    me plurima praeda onustum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

    sermo,

    Quint. 2, 2, 5:

    risus,

    id. 6, 3, 85:

    res,

    id. 6, 1, 51:

    exercitatio,

    id. 8 prooem. §

    28: mons,

    very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

    cervix,

    id. G. 3, 52:

    Aetna,

    Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

    medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

    very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

    coma plurima,

    very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

    sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

    mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

    plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

    many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

    oleaster plurimus,

    Verg. G. 2, 183:

    qua plurima mittitur ales,

    Mart. 9, 56, 1:

    plurima lecta rosa est,

    Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

    ut haberet quam plurimum,

    as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

    caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

    ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

    id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

    et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

    id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

    si vero populus plurimum potest,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

    qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

    id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

    plurimum aliis praestare,

    id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

    ut te plurimum diligam,

    id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

    hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

    id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

    quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

    Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

    plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

    Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

    gratulor,

    id. ib. 40:

    (elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

    at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

    cum plurimum,

    id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—
    (β).
    In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

    artis,

    Quint. 10, 5, 3:

    auctoritatis et ponderis,

    id. 9, 4, 91:

    ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

    id. 10, 3, 1:

    virtutum,

    id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—
    (γ).
    In the gen. pretii:

    plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

    values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

    quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

    Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

    ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

    Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > moltus

  • 6 multi

    multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

    multi fortissimi viri,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

    rationes,

    id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

    beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

    multae et magnae contentiones,

    many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

    O multas et graves offensiones,

    id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

    multi et graves dolores,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

    multi et varii timores,

    Liv. 3, 16, 3:

    multae bonaeque artes animi,

    Sall. J. 28, 5:

    multa et clara facinora,

    Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

    multi improbi,

    Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

    multi boni, docti, prudentes,

    id. Fl. 4, 8:

    multi nobiles,

    id. Planc. 20, 50:

    multa acerba habuit ille annus,

    id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

    multa infanda,

    Liv. 28, 12, 5:

    multa falsa,

    id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

    multa secunda proelia,

    victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

    multa libera capita,

    freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

    multae liberae civitates,

    republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

    multos fortes viros,

    id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

    multi clari viri,

    noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

    multi primarii viri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

    multi clarissimi viri,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

    multi amplissimi viri,

    id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

    multi honestissimi homines,

    id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

    multi peritissimi homines,

    id. Caecin. 24, 69:

    multi summi homines,

    id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

    id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

    in veteribus patronis multis,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

    multa praeterea bella gravia,

    id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

    multis suppliciis justis,

    id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

    multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

    plurima signa pulcherrima,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

    virtutes animi multae et magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

    causas ille multas et graves habuit,

    id. Clu. 30, 82;

    and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

    id. Cael. 5, 12:

    prodigia multa, foeda,

    Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

    multi hominum,

    Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

    multae silvestrium arborum,

    id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

    nimium multa,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

    nimis multa,

    id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

    insulae non ita multae,

    not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

    parum multa scire,

    too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

    quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

    as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

    minime multi remiges,

    exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

    in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

    id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

    multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

    nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

    Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

    aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

    with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

    multa prece prosequi,

    id. C. 4, 5, 33:

    multa victima,

    Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

    avis,

    id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

    tabella,

    Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

    exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

    Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

    multo labore quaerere aliquid,

    with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

    cura,

    Sall. J. 7, 4:

    sol,

    much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

    multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

    Liv. 23, 30, 2:

    multum sanguinem haurire,

    Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

    multam harenam mare evomit,

    id. 4, 6, 8:

    arbor,

    id. 7, 4, 26:

    silva,

    id. 8, 10, 14:

    multae vestis injectu opprimi,

    Tac. A. 6, 50:

    multa et lauta supellex,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

    aurum,

    Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

    libertas,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

    multam salutem dicere alicui,

    to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

    cum auro et argento multo,

    Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

    Itaque multum diei processerat,

    a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

    ad multum diem,

    till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

    multo adhuc die,

    when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

    multo denique die,

    when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

    multa nocte,

    late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

    multo mane,

    very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

    multa opinio, for multorum,

    the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

    velut multa pace,

    as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

    multus homo,

    one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

    video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

    id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

    tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

    unus de multis esse,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

    potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    numerarer in multis,

    among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

    e multis una sit tibi,

    no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

    multum est,

    it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

    ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

    Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

    ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

    id. ib. 16, 47:

    quid multis moror?

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

    multa reluctari,

    Verg. G. 4, 301:

    gemens,

    id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

    deos testatus,

    id. ib. 7, 593:

    invehi,

    Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

    haud multa moratus,

    Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

    in multum velociores,

    by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Too much, overmuch, excessive:

    supellex modica, non multa,

    Nep. Att. 13, 5.—
    2.
    In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

    qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

    ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

    id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

    nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

    id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—
    3.
    Frequent, frequently present:

    in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

    Sall. J. 96, 3:

    multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

    was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

    hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

    troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

    instare,

    Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.
    A.
    multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

    salve multum, gnate mi,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

    multum vale,

    farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

    hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

    id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

    opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

    not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

    multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

    often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

    non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

    id. Brut. 34, 128:

    non multum confidere,

    not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    sunt in venationibus,

    often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

    in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

    multum fuisse cum aliquo,

    to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

    id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

    gratia valere,

    to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

    res multum et saepe quaesita,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

    longe omnes multumque superabit,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

    multum et diu cogitans,

    id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

    diu multumque scriptitare,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

    multum loquaces,

    very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

    mepti labores,

    very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

    multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

    much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

    multum robustior illo,

    Juv. 19, 197:

    majora,

    Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

    haud multum infra viam,

    Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

    haud multum post mortem ejus,

    Tac. A. 5, 3:

    ut multum,

    at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—
    B.
    multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).
    1.
    With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

    multo tanto carior,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

    pauciores oratores,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

    facilius atque expeditius iter,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

    virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

    multo ceteros anteibant,

    Tac. H. 4, 13:

    multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

    Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

    multo mavolo,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

    meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—
    2.
    With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

    quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

    simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

    maxima pars,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

    multo id bellum maximum fuit,

    Liv. 1, 11, 5:

    pars multo maxima,

    id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

    multo gratissima lux,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

    foedissimum,

    Quint. 9, 4, 72:

    optimum,

    id. ib. 26:

    pulcherrimum,

    id. 1, 2, 24:

    utilissima,

    id. 2, 10, 1:

    maxime,

    Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

    multo maxime miserabile,

    Sall. C. 36, 4:

    multo maxime ingenio validus,

    id. J. 6, 1.—
    3.
    With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

    multo aliter,

    Ter. And. prol. 4:

    multo aliter ac sperabat,

    far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

    quod non multo secus fieret, si,

    not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —
    4.
    In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

    non multo ante urbem captam,

    Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

    non multo ante,

    not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

    multo ante,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

    non multo post, quam, etc.,

    not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

    haud multo ante solis occasum,

    Liv. 5, 39, 2:

    multo ante noctem,

    id. 27, 42, 13.—
    5.
    Very rarely with the positive for multum:

    maligna multo,

    very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—
    6.
    Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

    multo multoque longior,

    far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

    multo multoque operosius est,

    Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.
    II.
    Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.
    A.
    In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

    so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

    ne plus minusve loqueretur,

    Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

    so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

    speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

    Mart. 8, 71, 4:

    aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

    too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

    tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

    vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

    and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

    verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

    Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

    apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

    id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

    valet enim salus plus quam libido,

    id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—
    (β).
    With a partitive gen.:

    vultis pecuniae plus habere,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

    nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

    id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

    plus virium,

    id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

    plus hostium,

    Liv. 2, 42:

    plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

    in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

    plus ingenii,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

    Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

    as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—
    (γ).
    With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

    non plus quam semel,

    Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

    confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

    ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

    id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

    non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

    into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

    plus quam decem dies abesse,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

    nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

    with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—
    (δ).
    Without quam:

    HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

    Liv. 24, 44:

    plus milies audivi,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

    plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

    ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

    non plus mille quingentos aeris,

    id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

    Liv. 31, 34:

    cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

    id. 40, 2:

    parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

    id. 29, 25.—
    (ε).
    With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

    VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

    more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

    ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

    alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

    in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

    id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

    annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

    or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

    plus aequo,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

    plus paulo,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

    paulo plus,

    Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

    plus nimio,

    overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

    uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

    one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—
    2.
    In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

    ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

    of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

    ager multo pluris est,

    is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

    quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

    id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

    pluris emere,

    dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

    vendere,

    id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

    aedificare,

    Col. 1, 4, 7:

    pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

    of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

    mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

    Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

    facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

    id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

    facere aliquem pluris,

    make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

    pluris habere,

    id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    aestimare,

    id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

    ducere,

    id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

    putare,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—
    3.
    Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—
    4.
    Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—
    * 5.
    Like magis, with an adj.:

    plus formosus, for formosior,

    Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—
    B.
    In the plur.
    1.
    Comparatively, more in number:

    omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

    ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

    multo plura,

    many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—
    2.
    In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

    1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

    id. B. C. 3, 52:

    summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

    pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

    id. 8, 4, 27:

    quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

    Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

    eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

    without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

    id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

    pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

    Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

    also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

    what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

    id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—
    b.
    Esp.: plures.
    (α).
    The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—
    (β).
    Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

    quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—
    (γ).
    The greater number, the majority:

    plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

    Vulg. Act. 19, 32.
    III.
    Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

    hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

    nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

    plurimae et maximae partes,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

    plurimorum seculorum memoria,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

    haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

    me plurima praeda onustum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

    sermo,

    Quint. 2, 2, 5:

    risus,

    id. 6, 3, 85:

    res,

    id. 6, 1, 51:

    exercitatio,

    id. 8 prooem. §

    28: mons,

    very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

    cervix,

    id. G. 3, 52:

    Aetna,

    Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

    medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

    very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

    coma plurima,

    very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

    sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

    mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

    plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

    many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

    oleaster plurimus,

    Verg. G. 2, 183:

    qua plurima mittitur ales,

    Mart. 9, 56, 1:

    plurima lecta rosa est,

    Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

    ut haberet quam plurimum,

    as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

    caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

    ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

    id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

    et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

    id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

    si vero populus plurimum potest,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

    qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

    id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

    plurimum aliis praestare,

    id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

    ut te plurimum diligam,

    id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

    hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

    id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

    quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

    Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

    plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

    Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

    gratulor,

    id. ib. 40:

    (elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

    at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

    cum plurimum,

    id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—
    (β).
    In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

    artis,

    Quint. 10, 5, 3:

    auctoritatis et ponderis,

    id. 9, 4, 91:

    ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

    id. 10, 3, 1:

    virtutum,

    id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—
    (γ).
    In the gen. pretii:

    plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

    values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

    quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

    Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

    ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

    Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > multi

  • 7 multus

    multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

    multi fortissimi viri,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

    rationes,

    id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

    beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

    multae et magnae contentiones,

    many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

    O multas et graves offensiones,

    id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

    multi et graves dolores,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

    multi et varii timores,

    Liv. 3, 16, 3:

    multae bonaeque artes animi,

    Sall. J. 28, 5:

    multa et clara facinora,

    Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

    multi improbi,

    Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

    multi boni, docti, prudentes,

    id. Fl. 4, 8:

    multi nobiles,

    id. Planc. 20, 50:

    multa acerba habuit ille annus,

    id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

    multa infanda,

    Liv. 28, 12, 5:

    multa falsa,

    id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

    multa secunda proelia,

    victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

    multa libera capita,

    freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

    multae liberae civitates,

    republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

    multos fortes viros,

    id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

    multi clari viri,

    noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

    multi primarii viri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

    multi clarissimi viri,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

    multi amplissimi viri,

    id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

    multi honestissimi homines,

    id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

    multi peritissimi homines,

    id. Caecin. 24, 69:

    multi summi homines,

    id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

    id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

    in veteribus patronis multis,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

    multa praeterea bella gravia,

    id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

    multis suppliciis justis,

    id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

    multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

    plurima signa pulcherrima,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

    virtutes animi multae et magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

    causas ille multas et graves habuit,

    id. Clu. 30, 82;

    and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

    id. Cael. 5, 12:

    prodigia multa, foeda,

    Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

    multi hominum,

    Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

    multae silvestrium arborum,

    id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

    nimium multa,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

    nimis multa,

    id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

    insulae non ita multae,

    not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

    parum multa scire,

    too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

    quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

    as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

    minime multi remiges,

    exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

    in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

    id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

    multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

    nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

    Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

    aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

    with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

    multa prece prosequi,

    id. C. 4, 5, 33:

    multa victima,

    Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

    avis,

    id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

    tabella,

    Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

    exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

    Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

    multo labore quaerere aliquid,

    with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

    cura,

    Sall. J. 7, 4:

    sol,

    much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

    multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

    Liv. 23, 30, 2:

    multum sanguinem haurire,

    Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

    multam harenam mare evomit,

    id. 4, 6, 8:

    arbor,

    id. 7, 4, 26:

    silva,

    id. 8, 10, 14:

    multae vestis injectu opprimi,

    Tac. A. 6, 50:

    multa et lauta supellex,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

    aurum,

    Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

    libertas,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

    multam salutem dicere alicui,

    to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

    cum auro et argento multo,

    Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

    Itaque multum diei processerat,

    a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

    ad multum diem,

    till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

    multo adhuc die,

    when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

    multo denique die,

    when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

    multa nocte,

    late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

    multo mane,

    very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

    multa opinio, for multorum,

    the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

    velut multa pace,

    as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

    multus homo,

    one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

    video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

    id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

    tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

    unus de multis esse,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

    potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    numerarer in multis,

    among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

    e multis una sit tibi,

    no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

    multum est,

    it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

    ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

    Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

    ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

    id. ib. 16, 47:

    quid multis moror?

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

    multa reluctari,

    Verg. G. 4, 301:

    gemens,

    id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

    deos testatus,

    id. ib. 7, 593:

    invehi,

    Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

    haud multa moratus,

    Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

    in multum velociores,

    by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Too much, overmuch, excessive:

    supellex modica, non multa,

    Nep. Att. 13, 5.—
    2.
    In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

    qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

    ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

    id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

    nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

    id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—
    3.
    Frequent, frequently present:

    in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

    Sall. J. 96, 3:

    multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

    was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

    hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

    troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

    instare,

    Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.
    A.
    multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

    salve multum, gnate mi,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

    multum vale,

    farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

    hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

    id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

    opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

    not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

    multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

    often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

    non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

    id. Brut. 34, 128:

    non multum confidere,

    not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    sunt in venationibus,

    often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

    in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

    multum fuisse cum aliquo,

    to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

    id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

    gratia valere,

    to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

    res multum et saepe quaesita,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

    longe omnes multumque superabit,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

    multum et diu cogitans,

    id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

    diu multumque scriptitare,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

    multum loquaces,

    very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

    mepti labores,

    very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

    multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

    much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

    multum robustior illo,

    Juv. 19, 197:

    majora,

    Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

    haud multum infra viam,

    Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

    haud multum post mortem ejus,

    Tac. A. 5, 3:

    ut multum,

    at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—
    B.
    multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).
    1.
    With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

    multo tanto carior,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

    pauciores oratores,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

    facilius atque expeditius iter,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

    virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

    multo ceteros anteibant,

    Tac. H. 4, 13:

    multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

    Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

    multo mavolo,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

    meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—
    2.
    With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

    quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

    simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

    maxima pars,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

    multo id bellum maximum fuit,

    Liv. 1, 11, 5:

    pars multo maxima,

    id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

    multo gratissima lux,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

    foedissimum,

    Quint. 9, 4, 72:

    optimum,

    id. ib. 26:

    pulcherrimum,

    id. 1, 2, 24:

    utilissima,

    id. 2, 10, 1:

    maxime,

    Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

    multo maxime miserabile,

    Sall. C. 36, 4:

    multo maxime ingenio validus,

    id. J. 6, 1.—
    3.
    With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

    multo aliter,

    Ter. And. prol. 4:

    multo aliter ac sperabat,

    far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

    quod non multo secus fieret, si,

    not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —
    4.
    In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

    non multo ante urbem captam,

    Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

    non multo ante,

    not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

    multo ante,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

    non multo post, quam, etc.,

    not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

    haud multo ante solis occasum,

    Liv. 5, 39, 2:

    multo ante noctem,

    id. 27, 42, 13.—
    5.
    Very rarely with the positive for multum:

    maligna multo,

    very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—
    6.
    Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

    multo multoque longior,

    far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

    multo multoque operosius est,

    Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.
    II.
    Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.
    A.
    In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

    so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

    ne plus minusve loqueretur,

    Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

    so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

    speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

    Mart. 8, 71, 4:

    aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

    too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

    tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

    vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

    and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

    verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

    Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

    apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

    id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

    valet enim salus plus quam libido,

    id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—
    (β).
    With a partitive gen.:

    vultis pecuniae plus habere,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

    nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

    id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

    plus virium,

    id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

    plus hostium,

    Liv. 2, 42:

    plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

    in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

    plus ingenii,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

    Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

    as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—
    (γ).
    With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

    non plus quam semel,

    Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

    confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

    ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

    id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

    non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

    into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

    plus quam decem dies abesse,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

    nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

    with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—
    (δ).
    Without quam:

    HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

    Liv. 24, 44:

    plus milies audivi,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

    plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

    ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

    non plus mille quingentos aeris,

    id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

    Liv. 31, 34:

    cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

    id. 40, 2:

    parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

    id. 29, 25.—
    (ε).
    With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

    VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

    more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

    ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

    alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

    in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

    id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

    annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

    or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

    plus aequo,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

    plus paulo,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

    paulo plus,

    Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

    plus nimio,

    overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

    uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

    one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—
    2.
    In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

    ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

    of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

    ager multo pluris est,

    is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

    quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

    id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

    pluris emere,

    dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

    vendere,

    id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

    aedificare,

    Col. 1, 4, 7:

    pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

    of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

    mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

    Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

    facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

    id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

    facere aliquem pluris,

    make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

    pluris habere,

    id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    aestimare,

    id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

    ducere,

    id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

    putare,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—
    3.
    Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—
    4.
    Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—
    * 5.
    Like magis, with an adj.:

    plus formosus, for formosior,

    Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—
    B.
    In the plur.
    1.
    Comparatively, more in number:

    omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

    ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

    multo plura,

    many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—
    2.
    In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

    1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

    id. B. C. 3, 52:

    summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

    pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

    id. 8, 4, 27:

    quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

    Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

    eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

    without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

    id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

    pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

    Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

    also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

    what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

    id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—
    b.
    Esp.: plures.
    (α).
    The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—
    (β).
    Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

    quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—
    (γ).
    The greater number, the majority:

    plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

    Vulg. Act. 19, 32.
    III.
    Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

    hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

    nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

    plurimae et maximae partes,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

    plurimorum seculorum memoria,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

    haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

    me plurima praeda onustum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

    sermo,

    Quint. 2, 2, 5:

    risus,

    id. 6, 3, 85:

    res,

    id. 6, 1, 51:

    exercitatio,

    id. 8 prooem. §

    28: mons,

    very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

    cervix,

    id. G. 3, 52:

    Aetna,

    Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

    medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

    very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

    coma plurima,

    very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

    sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

    mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

    plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

    many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

    oleaster plurimus,

    Verg. G. 2, 183:

    qua plurima mittitur ales,

    Mart. 9, 56, 1:

    plurima lecta rosa est,

    Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

    ut haberet quam plurimum,

    as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

    caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

    ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

    id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

    et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

    id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

    si vero populus plurimum potest,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

    qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

    id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

    plurimum aliis praestare,

    id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

    ut te plurimum diligam,

    id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

    hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

    id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

    quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

    Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

    plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

    Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

    gratulor,

    id. ib. 40:

    (elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

    at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

    cum plurimum,

    id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—
    (β).
    In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

    artis,

    Quint. 10, 5, 3:

    auctoritatis et ponderis,

    id. 9, 4, 91:

    ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

    id. 10, 3, 1:

    virtutum,

    id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—
    (γ).
    In the gen. pretii:

    plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

    values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

    quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

    Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

    ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

    Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > multus

  • 8 plurimum

    multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

    multi fortissimi viri,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

    rationes,

    id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

    beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

    multae et magnae contentiones,

    many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

    O multas et graves offensiones,

    id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

    multi et graves dolores,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

    multi et varii timores,

    Liv. 3, 16, 3:

    multae bonaeque artes animi,

    Sall. J. 28, 5:

    multa et clara facinora,

    Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

    multi improbi,

    Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

    multi boni, docti, prudentes,

    id. Fl. 4, 8:

    multi nobiles,

    id. Planc. 20, 50:

    multa acerba habuit ille annus,

    id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

    multa infanda,

    Liv. 28, 12, 5:

    multa falsa,

    id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

    multa secunda proelia,

    victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

    multa libera capita,

    freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

    multae liberae civitates,

    republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

    multos fortes viros,

    id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

    multi clari viri,

    noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

    multi primarii viri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

    multi clarissimi viri,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

    multi amplissimi viri,

    id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

    multi honestissimi homines,

    id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

    multi peritissimi homines,

    id. Caecin. 24, 69:

    multi summi homines,

    id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

    id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

    in veteribus patronis multis,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

    multa praeterea bella gravia,

    id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

    multis suppliciis justis,

    id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

    multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

    plurima signa pulcherrima,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

    virtutes animi multae et magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

    causas ille multas et graves habuit,

    id. Clu. 30, 82;

    and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

    id. Cael. 5, 12:

    prodigia multa, foeda,

    Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

    multi hominum,

    Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

    multae silvestrium arborum,

    id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

    nimium multa,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

    nimis multa,

    id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

    insulae non ita multae,

    not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

    parum multa scire,

    too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

    quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

    as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

    minime multi remiges,

    exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

    in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

    id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

    multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

    nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

    Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

    aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

    with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

    multa prece prosequi,

    id. C. 4, 5, 33:

    multa victima,

    Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

    avis,

    id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

    tabella,

    Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

    exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

    Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

    multo labore quaerere aliquid,

    with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

    cura,

    Sall. J. 7, 4:

    sol,

    much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

    multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

    Liv. 23, 30, 2:

    multum sanguinem haurire,

    Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

    multam harenam mare evomit,

    id. 4, 6, 8:

    arbor,

    id. 7, 4, 26:

    silva,

    id. 8, 10, 14:

    multae vestis injectu opprimi,

    Tac. A. 6, 50:

    multa et lauta supellex,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

    aurum,

    Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

    libertas,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

    multam salutem dicere alicui,

    to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

    cum auro et argento multo,

    Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

    Itaque multum diei processerat,

    a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

    ad multum diem,

    till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

    multo adhuc die,

    when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

    multo denique die,

    when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

    multa nocte,

    late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

    multo mane,

    very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

    multa opinio, for multorum,

    the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

    velut multa pace,

    as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

    multus homo,

    one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

    video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

    id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

    tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

    unus de multis esse,

    id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

    potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    numerarer in multis,

    among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

    e multis una sit tibi,

    no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

    multum est,

    it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

    ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

    Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

    ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

    id. ib. 16, 47:

    quid multis moror?

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

    multa reluctari,

    Verg. G. 4, 301:

    gemens,

    id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

    deos testatus,

    id. ib. 7, 593:

    invehi,

    Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

    haud multa moratus,

    Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

    in multum velociores,

    by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Too much, overmuch, excessive:

    supellex modica, non multa,

    Nep. Att. 13, 5.—
    2.
    In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

    qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

    ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

    id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

    nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

    id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—
    3.
    Frequent, frequently present:

    in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

    Sall. J. 96, 3:

    multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

    was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

    hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

    troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

    instare,

    Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.
    A.
    multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

    salve multum, gnate mi,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

    multum vale,

    farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

    hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

    id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

    opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

    not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

    multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

    often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

    non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

    id. Brut. 34, 128:

    non multum confidere,

    not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    sunt in venationibus,

    often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

    in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

    multum fuisse cum aliquo,

    to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

    id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

    gratia valere,

    to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

    res multum et saepe quaesita,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

    longe omnes multumque superabit,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

    multum et diu cogitans,

    id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

    diu multumque scriptitare,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

    multum loquaces,

    very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

    mepti labores,

    very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

    multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

    much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

    multum robustior illo,

    Juv. 19, 197:

    majora,

    Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

    haud multum infra viam,

    Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

    haud multum post mortem ejus,

    Tac. A. 5, 3:

    ut multum,

    at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—
    B.
    multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).
    1.
    With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

    multo tanto carior,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

    pauciores oratores,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

    facilius atque expeditius iter,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

    virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

    multo ceteros anteibant,

    Tac. H. 4, 13:

    multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

    Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

    multo mavolo,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

    meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—
    2.
    With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

    quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

    simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

    maxima pars,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

    multo id bellum maximum fuit,

    Liv. 1, 11, 5:

    pars multo maxima,

    id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

    multo gratissima lux,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

    foedissimum,

    Quint. 9, 4, 72:

    optimum,

    id. ib. 26:

    pulcherrimum,

    id. 1, 2, 24:

    utilissima,

    id. 2, 10, 1:

    maxime,

    Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

    multo maxime miserabile,

    Sall. C. 36, 4:

    multo maxime ingenio validus,

    id. J. 6, 1.—
    3.
    With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

    multo aliter,

    Ter. And. prol. 4:

    multo aliter ac sperabat,

    far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

    quod non multo secus fieret, si,

    not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —
    4.
    In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

    non multo ante urbem captam,

    Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

    non multo ante,

    not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

    multo ante,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

    non multo post, quam, etc.,

    not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

    haud multo ante solis occasum,

    Liv. 5, 39, 2:

    multo ante noctem,

    id. 27, 42, 13.—
    5.
    Very rarely with the positive for multum:

    maligna multo,

    very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—
    6.
    Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

    multo multoque longior,

    far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

    multo multoque operosius est,

    Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.
    II.
    Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.
    A.
    In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

    so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

    ne plus minusve loqueretur,

    Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

    so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

    speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

    Mart. 8, 71, 4:

    aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

    too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

    tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

    vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

    and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

    verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

    Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

    apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

    id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

    valet enim salus plus quam libido,

    id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—
    (β).
    With a partitive gen.:

    vultis pecuniae plus habere,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

    nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

    id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

    plus virium,

    id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

    plus hostium,

    Liv. 2, 42:

    plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

    in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

    plus ingenii,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

    Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

    as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—
    (γ).
    With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

    non plus quam semel,

    Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

    confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

    ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

    id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

    non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

    into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

    plus quam decem dies abesse,

    id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

    nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

    with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—
    (δ).
    Without quam:

    HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

    Liv. 24, 44:

    plus milies audivi,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

    plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

    ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

    non plus mille quingentos aeris,

    id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

    Liv. 31, 34:

    cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

    id. 40, 2:

    parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

    id. 29, 25.—
    (ε).
    With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

    VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

    more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

    ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

    alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

    in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

    id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

    annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

    or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

    plus aequo,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

    plus paulo,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

    paulo plus,

    Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

    plus nimio,

    overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

    uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

    one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—
    2.
    In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

    ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

    of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

    ager multo pluris est,

    is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

    quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

    id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

    pluris emere,

    dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

    vendere,

    id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

    aedificare,

    Col. 1, 4, 7:

    pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

    of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

    mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

    Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

    facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

    id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

    facere aliquem pluris,

    make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

    pluris habere,

    id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    aestimare,

    id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

    ducere,

    id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

    putare,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—
    3.
    Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—
    4.
    Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—
    * 5.
    Like magis, with an adj.:

    plus formosus, for formosior,

    Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—
    B.
    In the plur.
    1.
    Comparatively, more in number:

    omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

    ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

    multo plura,

    many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—
    2.
    In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

    1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

    id. B. C. 3, 52:

    summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

    pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

    id. 8, 4, 27:

    quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

    Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

    eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

    without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

    id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

    pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

    Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

    also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

    what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

    id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—
    b.
    Esp.: plures.
    (α).
    The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—
    (β).
    Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

    quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—
    (γ).
    The greater number, the majority:

    plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

    Vulg. Act. 19, 32.
    III.
    Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

    hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

    nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

    plurimae et maximae partes,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

    plurimorum seculorum memoria,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

    haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

    me plurima praeda onustum,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

    sermo,

    Quint. 2, 2, 5:

    risus,

    id. 6, 3, 85:

    res,

    id. 6, 1, 51:

    exercitatio,

    id. 8 prooem. §

    28: mons,

    very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

    cervix,

    id. G. 3, 52:

    Aetna,

    Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

    medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

    very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

    coma plurima,

    very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

    sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

    mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

    plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

    many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

    oleaster plurimus,

    Verg. G. 2, 183:

    qua plurima mittitur ales,

    Mart. 9, 56, 1:

    plurima lecta rosa est,

    Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

    ut haberet quam plurimum,

    as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

    caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

    ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

    id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

    et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

    auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

    id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

    si vero populus plurimum potest,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

    qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

    id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

    plurimum aliis praestare,

    id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

    ut te plurimum diligam,

    id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

    hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

    id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

    quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

    Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

    plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

    Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

    gratulor,

    id. ib. 40:

    (elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

    at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

    cum plurimum,

    id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—
    (β).
    In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

    artis,

    Quint. 10, 5, 3:

    auctoritatis et ponderis,

    id. 9, 4, 91:

    ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

    id. 10, 3, 1:

    virtutum,

    id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—
    (γ).
    In the gen. pretii:

    plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

    values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

    quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

    Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

    ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

    Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > plurimum

  • 9 bene

    bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).
    I.
    As adjunct of verbs.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

    villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

    Cato, R. R. 3:

    villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

    quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

    Cato, R. R. 61:

    agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

    Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

    ubi cocta erit bene,

    Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

    32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

    me bene curata cute vises,

    well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

    bene olere,

    Verg. E. 2, 48:

    bene sonare,

    Quint. 8, 3, 16:

    neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

    in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

    Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

    bene cenare,

    Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

    bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

    to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

    similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

    well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—
    2.
    With respect to the mind.
    a.
    Perception, knowledge, ability:

    quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

    Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

    quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

    novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

    qui optime suos nosse deberet,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

    quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

    Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

    ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

    id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

    cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

    gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

    of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

    melius in Volscis imperatum est,

    better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

    nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

    prudentibus et bene institutis,

    well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

    sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

    endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

    quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

    more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

    tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

    good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

    canere melius,

    Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bene pronuntiare,

    id. 11, 3, 12:

    bene respondere interrogationibus,

    id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—
    b.
    Of feeling, judgment, and will:

    similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

    when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

    bene sentire,

    id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

    bene, optime de re publica sentire,

    to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

    bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

    well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

    ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

    quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

    that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

    se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

    had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

    sperabis omnia optime,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

    tibi bene ex animo volo,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

    vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

    Sall. C. 52, 29:

    omnia non bene consulta,

    id. J. 92, 2. —
    c.
    Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.
    (α).
    Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

    qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

    in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

    id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

    quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

    id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—
    (β).
    Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

    qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

    Liv. 22, 50, 7:

    ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

    id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

    tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

    Ov. H. 12, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

    multa bona bene parta habemus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

    mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

    res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

    diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

    mala parta,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

    male par tum,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—
    (δ).
    Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—
    (ε).
    Non bene = male, not faithfully:

    esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

    Ov. M. 7, 716.—
    d.
    Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

    sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

    Liv. 22, 60, 17:

    quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

    since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

    bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

    Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

    hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

    correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—
    e.
    Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

    nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

    nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

    si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

    perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

    quando hoc bene successit,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

    melius ominare,

    use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

    qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

    qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

    who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

    nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

    id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

    tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

    id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

    ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

    me optime consulentem saluti suae,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

    qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

    addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

    Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

    id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

    ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

    cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

    id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

    tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

    Liv. 23, 12, 5:

    si bene quid de te merui,

    Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

    et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

    ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

    id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

    melius emetur,

    Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

    qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

    cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—
    f.
    Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

    in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

    gratiam habeo maximam,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

    bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

    male hercule narras,

    I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

    bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

    benenarras,

    Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—
    g.
    Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

    cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

    Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

    cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

    Ov. M. 8, 409:

    at bene si quaeras,

    id. ib. 3, 141:

    tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

    bene dissimulare amorem,

    entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

    quis enim bene celat amorem?

    Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

    vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

    Ov. M. 3, 14:

    tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

    id. H. 6, 24:

    vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

    id. F 5, 277.—
    h.
    Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

    sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

    sed optume eccum exit senex,

    id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—
    i.
    Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

    quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

    Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Bene dicere.
    a.
    To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

    qui optime dicunt,

    the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

    etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

    Sall. C. 3, 1:

    abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

    Quint. 12, 9, 7;

    cf: bene loqui,

    to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—
    b.
    To speak ably:

    multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

    Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—
    c.
    To speak correctly or elegantly:

    eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

    Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

    ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

    Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

    at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

    id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—
    d.
    To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

    bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

    nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

    si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

    ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

    Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

    Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

    is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

    bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

    Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—
    e.
    To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—
    f.
    Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—
    g.
    Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

    bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

    bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

    use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—
    2.
    Bene facere.
    a.
    Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

    vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

    Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

    non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

    Quint. 4, 1, 70:

    Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

    id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

    quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

    his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —
    b.
    Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)
    (α).
    With dat.:

    bonus bonis bene feceris,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

    bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

    malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

    id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

    homini id quod tu facis bene,

    id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

    tibi lubens bene faxim,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

    at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

    may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

    di tibi Bene faciant,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

    quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

    pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

    Sall. C. 3, 1:

    ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

    Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—
    (γ).
    With erga:

    si quid amicum erga bene feci,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—
    (δ).
    With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

    ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

    quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

    id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

    ego quod bene feci, male feci,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

    si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

    benefaciendi animus,

    id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

    bene facta referre,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

    et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

    Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

    bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

    id. Matt. 5, 44.—
    (ε).
    Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

    interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

    id. Luc. 6, 9:

    qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

    id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

    bene facta recte facta sunt,

    Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

    omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

    id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

    bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

    Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—
    (ζ).
    In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

    id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

    Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—
    (η).
    In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—
    (θ).
    Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

    bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—
    3.
    With esse.
    a.
    Bene est, impers., it is well.
    (α).
    In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

    14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

    ego valeo,

    Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—
    (β).
    = bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—
    b.
    Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

    bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

    quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

    qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

    id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

    si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

    Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

    nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

    spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

    that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

    ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

    at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—
    c.
    Bene sum = bene mihi est:

    minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

    Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

    de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

    id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

    ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

    id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

    scis bene esse si sit unde,

    id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—
    4.
    Bene habere.
    a.
    With subj. nom.
    (α).
    To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—
    (β).
    To be favorable, to favor:

    bene habent tibi principia,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —
    (γ).
    With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

    si te bene habes,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—
    b.
    Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

    bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

    Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

    bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 4:

    atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

    id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

    opinor, aliud agamus,

    we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—
    5.
    Bene agere, with cum and abl.
    (α).
    To treat one well:

    bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

    Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—
    (β).
    Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

    bene dicat secum esse actum,

    that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

    non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

    si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—
    6.
    Rem (negotium) bene gerere.
    (α).
    To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

    non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

    Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

    qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

    id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

    rem publicam,

    id. Pis. 19, 45:

    Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

    Liv. 23, 11, 3.—
    (β).
    To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

    also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

    quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

    id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

    quasi re bene gesta,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

    rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

    that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

    conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

    haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

    id. ib. 7, 44:

    res bello bene gestae,

    success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

    Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—
    7.
    Bene vertere, in wishes.
    (α).
    With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

    quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

    quod utrisque bene vertat,

    Liv. 8, 5, 6:

    quod bene verteret,

    id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

    quod bene eveniat,

    Cato, R. R. 141.—
    (β).
    With di as subject:

    di bene vortant,

    may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—
    8.
    Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

    bene valete et vivite!

    id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

    cives bene valete!

    id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

    salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—
    9.
    In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

    ita me Juppiter bene amet,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

    di te bene ament, Hegio,

    id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

    ita me di bene ament,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

    Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

    Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—
    10.
    Elliptical expressions.
    (α).
    Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

    bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

    Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

    bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

    id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

    existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

    id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

    at bene Areus,

    Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

    nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

    Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

    sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—
    (β).
    In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—
    (γ).
    In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

    bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—
    11.
    Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

    in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

    to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

    melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

    it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

    bene Arruntium morte usum,

    that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—
    II.
    Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.
    1.
    With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

    bene firmus,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

    bene robustus,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

    bene morigerus fuit puer,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

    bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

    id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

    bene lautum,

    id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

    bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

    id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

    id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

    bene sanos,

    id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

    bene longinquos dolores,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

    sermonem bene longum,

    id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

    bene magna caterva,

    id. Mur. 33, 69:

    magna multitudo,

    Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

    barbatus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    fidum pectus,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

    cautus,

    Ov. H. 1, 44:

    multa,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

    homo optime dives,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—
    2.
    With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

    bene libenter victitas,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

    bene mane haec scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

    bene penitus,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

    bene longe,

    Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

    bene gnaviter,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

    siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

    Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bene

  • 10 bene facta

    bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).
    I.
    As adjunct of verbs.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

    villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

    Cato, R. R. 3:

    villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

    quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

    Cato, R. R. 61:

    agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

    Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

    ubi cocta erit bene,

    Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

    32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

    me bene curata cute vises,

    well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

    bene olere,

    Verg. E. 2, 48:

    bene sonare,

    Quint. 8, 3, 16:

    neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

    in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

    Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

    bene cenare,

    Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

    bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

    to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

    similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

    well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—
    2.
    With respect to the mind.
    a.
    Perception, knowledge, ability:

    quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

    Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

    quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

    novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

    qui optime suos nosse deberet,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

    quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

    Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

    ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

    id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

    cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

    gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

    of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

    melius in Volscis imperatum est,

    better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

    nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

    prudentibus et bene institutis,

    well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

    sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

    endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

    quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

    more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

    tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

    good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

    canere melius,

    Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bene pronuntiare,

    id. 11, 3, 12:

    bene respondere interrogationibus,

    id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—
    b.
    Of feeling, judgment, and will:

    similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

    when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

    bene sentire,

    id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

    bene, optime de re publica sentire,

    to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

    bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

    well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

    ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

    quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

    that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

    se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

    had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

    sperabis omnia optime,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

    tibi bene ex animo volo,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

    vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

    Sall. C. 52, 29:

    omnia non bene consulta,

    id. J. 92, 2. —
    c.
    Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.
    (α).
    Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

    qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

    in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

    id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

    quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

    id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—
    (β).
    Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

    qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

    Liv. 22, 50, 7:

    ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

    id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

    tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

    Ov. H. 12, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

    multa bona bene parta habemus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

    mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

    res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

    diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

    mala parta,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

    male par tum,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—
    (δ).
    Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—
    (ε).
    Non bene = male, not faithfully:

    esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

    Ov. M. 7, 716.—
    d.
    Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

    sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

    Liv. 22, 60, 17:

    quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

    since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

    bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

    Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

    hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

    correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—
    e.
    Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

    nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

    nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

    si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

    perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

    quando hoc bene successit,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

    melius ominare,

    use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

    qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

    qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

    who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

    nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

    id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

    tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

    id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

    ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

    me optime consulentem saluti suae,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

    qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

    addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

    Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

    id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

    ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

    cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

    id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

    tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

    Liv. 23, 12, 5:

    si bene quid de te merui,

    Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

    et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

    ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

    id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

    melius emetur,

    Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

    qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

    cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—
    f.
    Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

    in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

    gratiam habeo maximam,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

    bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

    male hercule narras,

    I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

    bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

    benenarras,

    Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—
    g.
    Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

    cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

    Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

    cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

    Ov. M. 8, 409:

    at bene si quaeras,

    id. ib. 3, 141:

    tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

    bene dissimulare amorem,

    entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

    quis enim bene celat amorem?

    Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

    vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

    Ov. M. 3, 14:

    tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

    id. H. 6, 24:

    vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

    id. F 5, 277.—
    h.
    Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

    sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

    sed optume eccum exit senex,

    id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—
    i.
    Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

    quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

    Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Bene dicere.
    a.
    To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

    qui optime dicunt,

    the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

    etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

    Sall. C. 3, 1:

    abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

    Quint. 12, 9, 7;

    cf: bene loqui,

    to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—
    b.
    To speak ably:

    multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

    Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—
    c.
    To speak correctly or elegantly:

    eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

    Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

    ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

    Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

    at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

    id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—
    d.
    To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

    bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

    nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

    si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

    ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

    Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

    Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

    is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

    bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

    Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—
    e.
    To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—
    f.
    Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—
    g.
    Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

    bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

    bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

    use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—
    2.
    Bene facere.
    a.
    Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

    vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

    Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

    non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

    Quint. 4, 1, 70:

    Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

    id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

    quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

    his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —
    b.
    Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)
    (α).
    With dat.:

    bonus bonis bene feceris,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

    bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

    malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

    id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

    homini id quod tu facis bene,

    id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

    tibi lubens bene faxim,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

    at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

    may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

    di tibi Bene faciant,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

    quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

    pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

    Sall. C. 3, 1:

    ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

    Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—
    (γ).
    With erga:

    si quid amicum erga bene feci,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—
    (δ).
    With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

    ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

    quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

    id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

    ego quod bene feci, male feci,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

    si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

    benefaciendi animus,

    id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

    bene facta referre,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

    et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

    Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

    bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

    id. Matt. 5, 44.—
    (ε).
    Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

    interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

    id. Luc. 6, 9:

    qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

    id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

    bene facta recte facta sunt,

    Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

    omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

    id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

    bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

    Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—
    (ζ).
    In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

    id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

    Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—
    (η).
    In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—
    (θ).
    Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

    bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—
    3.
    With esse.
    a.
    Bene est, impers., it is well.
    (α).
    In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

    14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

    ego valeo,

    Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—
    (β).
    = bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—
    b.
    Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

    bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

    quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

    qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

    id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

    si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

    Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

    nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

    spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

    that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

    ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

    at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—
    c.
    Bene sum = bene mihi est:

    minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

    Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

    de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

    id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

    ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

    id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

    scis bene esse si sit unde,

    id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—
    4.
    Bene habere.
    a.
    With subj. nom.
    (α).
    To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—
    (β).
    To be favorable, to favor:

    bene habent tibi principia,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —
    (γ).
    With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

    si te bene habes,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—
    b.
    Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

    bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

    Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

    bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 4:

    atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

    id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

    opinor, aliud agamus,

    we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—
    5.
    Bene agere, with cum and abl.
    (α).
    To treat one well:

    bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

    Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—
    (β).
    Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

    bene dicat secum esse actum,

    that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

    non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

    si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—
    6.
    Rem (negotium) bene gerere.
    (α).
    To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

    non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

    Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

    qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

    id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

    rem publicam,

    id. Pis. 19, 45:

    Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

    Liv. 23, 11, 3.—
    (β).
    To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

    also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

    quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

    id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

    quasi re bene gesta,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

    rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

    that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

    conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

    haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

    id. ib. 7, 44:

    res bello bene gestae,

    success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

    Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—
    7.
    Bene vertere, in wishes.
    (α).
    With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

    quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

    quod utrisque bene vertat,

    Liv. 8, 5, 6:

    quod bene verteret,

    id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

    quod bene eveniat,

    Cato, R. R. 141.—
    (β).
    With di as subject:

    di bene vortant,

    may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—
    8.
    Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

    bene valete et vivite!

    id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

    cives bene valete!

    id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

    salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—
    9.
    In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

    ita me Juppiter bene amet,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

    di te bene ament, Hegio,

    id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

    ita me di bene ament,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

    Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

    Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—
    10.
    Elliptical expressions.
    (α).
    Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

    bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

    Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

    bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

    id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

    existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

    id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

    at bene Areus,

    Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

    nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

    Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

    sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—
    (β).
    In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—
    (γ).
    In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

    bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—
    11.
    Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

    in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

    to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

    melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

    it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

    bene Arruntium morte usum,

    that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—
    II.
    Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.
    1.
    With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

    bene firmus,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

    bene robustus,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

    bene morigerus fuit puer,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

    bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

    id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

    bene lautum,

    id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

    bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

    id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

    id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

    bene sanos,

    id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

    bene longinquos dolores,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

    sermonem bene longum,

    id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

    bene magna caterva,

    id. Mur. 33, 69:

    magna multitudo,

    Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

    barbatus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    fidum pectus,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

    cautus,

    Ov. H. 1, 44:

    multa,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

    homo optime dives,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—
    2.
    With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

    bene libenter victitas,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

    bene mane haec scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

    bene penitus,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

    bene longe,

    Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

    bene gnaviter,

    Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

    siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

    Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bene facta

  • 11 ūsus

        ūsus ūs, m    [1 AV-], use, practice, employment, exercise, enjoyment: virtus in usu sui tota posita est; usus autem eius, etc.: rerum necessarium, Cs.—Poet., use, wear: Ferreus adsiduo consumitur anulus usu, O.: silices tenuantur ab usu, O.— Use, practice, exercise: usu cottidiano efficiunt, uti, etc., Cs.: adsiduus usus uni rei deditus: rerum maximarum.—In law, in the phrase, usus et fructus (late, ususfructus), the use and enjoyment, usufruct: usus enim eius fundi et fructus testamento viri fuerat Caesenniae.— Use, experience, discipline, acquired skill, training: Da. provinciam Cepisti duram. Ge. mi usus venit, hoc scio, i. e. I know it by experience, T.: quid enim abest huic homini?... ususne rerum? experience in affairs?: usum in re p. magnum habere: nullius usūs existimari, Cs.: nauticarum rerum, Cs.: aut belli usum aut studia volgi amissurus, S.: usu sapientiāque praestantes, N.: seris venit usus ab annis, O.— Use, habit, usage, custom, practice: usum loquendi populo concessi: usum belli habere, Cs.: (vitulos) ad studium atque usum formabis agrestem, V.: cadent vocabula, si volet usus, H.— Intercourse, familiarity, association, intimacy, society: domesticus: in tanto usu nostro tantāque amicitiā: ut insinuaret se in quam maxime familiarem usum, L.: nec longo cognitus usu, O.— Use, usefulness, value, utility, benefit, profit, advantage: levis fructus, exiguus usus: propter lini inopiam atque eius usūs inscientiam, Cs.: naves non eundem usum celeritatis habebant, capacity, Cs.: Natis in usum laetitiae scyphis Pugnare, service, H.: Quidve ad amicitias, usus rectumne trahat nos, H.: plures quam quot satis in usum erant ignes, L.: (pars Numidiae) specie quam usu potior, better in appearance rather than in real value, S.— As dat predic.: ea, quae sunt usui ad armandas navīs, which are of use, Cs.: esse mihi magno usui, of great service: peritos legum ad condenda nova iura usui fore credebant, L.—In the phrase, ex usu, advantageous, serviceable, useful: declararent, utrum proelium ex usu esset necne, Cs.: quod ex usu rei p. sit.— Use, occasion, need, want, necessity: illum usum provinciae supplere: quae belli usūs poscunt, suppeditare, L.—In phrases with sum, there is need, it is necessary, it becomes requisite, there is occasion: An quoiquamst usus homini, se ut cruciet? is it necessary for any man to torture himself? T.: equitum impetum, cum adesset usus, sustinere, Cs.: de ceteris studiis alio loco dicemus, si usus fuerit, if there shall be occasion: navīs, quibus usus non est, omnīs praecidisse: quibus (navibus) consuli usus non esset, L.: nunc viribus usus, V.: Non usus factost mihi nunc hunc intro sequi, i. e. it does not suit me, etc., T.: alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit, L.—In phrases with venio, it becomes necessary, occasion arises: Non usus veniet, spero, T.: ut, si usus veniat, suum quisque locum teneat, if occasion should arise, Cs. —In the phrase, usu venit, it happens, it occurs, it befalls: idem mihi usu venit in causā optimā: si id culpā senectutis accideret, eadem mihi usu venirent: id quod usu venerat, actually occurred, N.: quod haec de Vercingetorige usu ventura opinione perceperat, Cs.: usu venire ut abhorreant, etc.
    * * *
    use, enjoyment; experience, skill, advantage; custom

    Latin-English dictionary > ūsus

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